Origins of the Ndebele in Zimbabwe

The Ndebele are descendants of the Khumalo people who lived under the rule of Shaka in present day South Africa. They got their name ‘Ndebele’ during their association with the Sotho people in the Transvaal region. The name ‘Ndebele’ meant strangers from the coast. The breakaway of the Ndebele from Shaka has been attributed to their leader Mzilikazi who ruled for 50 plus years.

Mzilikazi was a chief under Shaka until about 1820 when they fell into a dispute regarding spoils of war. The dispute led to battles with Shaka’s army and eventually forced them to migrate more than 1500km north. Their first settlement was at Ekupumuleni where they raided the Sotho and Pedi. Due to the drought that ensued that year they began to raid more and more of their neighbors even going as far as the Limpopo to raid Shona cattle.

Mzilikazi crossed into Zimbabwe in 1838. They split into two groups, one led by Mzilikazi and the other by Gundwane. Gundwane Ndiweni and Nkulumane the heir travelled and settled close to the modern-day Bulawayo which is Zimbabwe’s second largest city. The second group led by Mzilikazi tried to settle in present day Zambezi Valley but had to retreat because of the problems associated with tsetse flies that killed theri herd. The group led by Gundwane subdued the Rozvi State and even demanded tribute in the form of labor and cattle. Mzilikazi’s group also attacked and subdued the Tswana and Kalanga. However when they finally met up again some of the leaders within Gundwane’s group were resisting Mzilikazi’s rule. As a result many were killed and Nkulumane was driven down across the Limpopo. Mzilikazi then retained dominance over the Ndebele people.

The land occupied by the Ndebele has been previously inhabited by the Changamire State since the 12th century. The only outside interference they has experienced was with the Portuguese, Swahili and other traders. Other groups that settled in previously Shona areas included the Soshngane who settled in the South-east, Zwangendaba who defeated the Rozvi State but it was Mzilikazi who finally defeated the powerful Changamire Rozvi State.

23 responses to “Origins of the Ndebele in Zimbabwe”

  1. gwen khumal Avatar
    gwen khumal

    The Ndebele built South Africa and built zimbabwe. They are a proud people who will rise again soon. “And still we rise….”

    1. kangolovani Avatar
      kangolovani

      And where do we belong.

    2. Shona Avatar
      Shona

      How did the Ndebele build Zimbabwe?

  2. Khuluma Says Avatar

    Mzilikazi, was a great military general. Shaka zulu was a not great he was a savage like alexander the non-great whom we have been taught to emulate at the expense of good ones like Mzilikazi. His son Lobengula was had a common saying as he taunted the colonialists who could not capture him. ” Have you ever seen a chameleon catch a fly? England is the chameleon and I am the fly”

  3. nomalanga mnkandla Avatar
    nomalanga mnkandla

    mzilikazi was a great leader.just wish we could follow his ways

  4. bling Avatar
    bling

    yahhhh true that wish we could all do that.we will always remember you for the good works

  5.  Avatar
    Anonymous

    mzilikazi was a great leader. wow fantastic

  6. jongwe Avatar
    jongwe

    ahh what a good leader

  7. koka Avatar
    koka

    we will rise again. mayihlome

  8.  Avatar
    Anonymous

    rise now! why wait?

  9. Crispen Munashe Avatar

    It seems so comments are now based on tribalism… Guys we r a nation nt two separate states

  10. Tatenda Chinete Avatar
    Tatenda Chinete

    How fantastic Mzilikazi was he raided cattle and fought too

  11. blinx masterz Avatar

    mzili was a great leader indeed

  12. Nakana Avatar
    Nakana

    Lobengula, killed us by bringing Rhodes closer…

  13. brine maguta Avatar

    lobengular was just ignorance

  14. makhauta Avatar
    makhauta

    NDEBELE PEOPLE ARE GOOD PEOPLE WITH BRILLIANT SKILLS .BUT ARE RELUCTANT TO DO THINGS

  15. mjibha Avatar
    mjibha

    Wasenza uMzilikazi

  16. anonymous Avatar
    anonymous

    Mzilikazi was greedy and should have given shaka what belonged to shaka, At the end of the day ndebeles are just zulus living in Shona land and should go back to their homeland and rise there.

    1. ndeere Avatar
      ndeere

      And what was that my brother if I may ask

  17. Takudzwa Mbaiwa Avatar

    mzilikazi was just fair he didnt even spare his son khulumane

  18. ndongofa ndiri muRozvi Avatar
    ndongofa ndiri muRozvi

    yaaa ndimi vana tajamuka manje hamulume

    1. some concerned dude Avatar
      some concerned dude

      true that

  19. some concerned dude Avatar
    some concerned dude

    that is so true