As the winds
of change began to blow across the African continent it became evident that
freedom and independence were the way forward. The colonial powers wanted to
ensure that African countries that became independent would continue to
struggle so that others would not strive for…
The People's Republic (now Benin) was established on 30
November 1975. It effectively lasted until 1 March 1990, with the adoption of a
new constitution. After many years of economic and social decline, the people
of Benin became increasingly discontent with the political leaders. Agricultural
output…
The region of present day Malawi was originally inhabited by the relatives of the Khoisan who migrated from the Kalahari Desert. By the 15th century, the area was ruled by the Maravi. By the late 18th and early 19th century, the Maravi…
Sudan was colonized by the British wanted to use the colony
as a cotton producer. The British gave Sudan independence in 1956, and it
became the largest country in Africa. However, they were divisions between the
Muslims in the north and Christians in the South.…
In the early 19th century, the area around the
Central African Republic was losing about 20,000 per year because of demand for
slaves in Egypt and Brazil. For a while the area became underpopulated and when
the French took over the area as a colony…
In 1932, the French divided the colony into Mali, Niger and the Ivory Coast
but by 1947 they reunited the colony. However, by then there was a growing
anti-colonial movement. The movement was led by the African Democratic Assembly
(RDA) and the Voltic Union (UDV).…
In Nigeria among the Igbo
people there is a saying;
“When two brothers fight to the death it is the stranger who inherits the land”
This saying reflects the wisdom of the African
elders on the dangers of disunity. It is meant to…
The modern day nation of Chad was colonized by France during the early part of the twentieth century. Prior to French colonization, the northerners, mostly Muslims dominated Chad. However, after colonization the French encouraged the cultivation of cotton in the southern part…
In 1971, President Nyerere issued Mwongozo (new leadership guidelines) that refocused the party and the government towards socialist principles. This included changes to the education system. Primary education switched from preparation for college to a focus on agricultural education. The government also…
Domestic Policy
President Daniel Arap Moi was elected unopposed in 1979 with Mwai Kibaki as his Vice President and Minister of Finance. Domestically, Moi was quickly confronted with domestic problems such as food shortages, and a severe drought. His administration also faced…